---
title: Calculation Operators
description: The equations that you build as part of a SiteSpect Calculation use the following set of mathematical and logical operators.
---
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# Calculation Operators
The equations that you build as part of a SiteSpect Calculation use the following set of mathematical and logical operators.
| Operator | Description |
| --- | --- |
| **Mathematical Operators** | |
| + | Addition |
| - | Subtraction |
| \* | Multiplication |
| / | Division |
| () | Grouping - Follows standard mathematical order of operation rules. |
| = | Equal to |
| <=> | NULL-safe equal to. Performs an equality comparison like the = operator but returns 1 rather than NULL if both operands are NULL and 0 rather than NULL if one operand is NULL. |
| <>, != | Not equal to |
| < | Less than |
| > | Greater than |
| <= | Less than or equal to |
| >= | Greater than or equal to |
| ROUND(n), ROUND(n, d) | Rounds the argument n to d decimal places. d defaults to 0 if it is not specified. |
| Logical Operators | |
| AND, && | Logical AND. Returns 1 if all operands are nonzero and not NULL. Returns 0 if one or more operands is 0. Otherwise, it returns NULL. |
| OR, \|\| | Logical OR. When both operands are non-NULL, returns 1 if any operand is nonzero and 0 otherwise. If an operand is NULL, it returns 1 if the other operand is nonzero and NULL otherwise. If both operands are NULL, it returns NULL. |
| NOT, ! | Logical NOT. Returns 1 if the operand is 0; 0 if the operand is nonzero; NULL if the operand is NULL. |
| **Miscellaneous** | |
| NULL | A NULL value represents an unknown variable in a Campaign. Any operation involving a NULL value results in NULL; a NULL value is not true in a test operation (e.g., NULL = NULL returns NULL, which evaluates to false). The Data Points for past visits to a Campaign when a Metric is added are NULL. The Value Capture Data Point for a Metric that did not match is NULL. When the location of a visit cannot be determined, the Geographic Location variables are NULL. Mobile device variables for non-mobile or unknown device users are NULL. |
| UNIX\_TIMESTAMP(), UNIX\_TIMESTAMP(date) | If called with no argument, returns the current Unix timestamp (seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC). If called with a date argument, it returns the value of the argument as seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC. date is a string in the format 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS', or a number in the format YYYYMMDDHHMMSS. The date is interpreted as a value in UTC. This function is used with the Start Time variable to perform date calculations. For example, to test if a visit started within a time frame, use an equation such as: \[Start Time\] BETWEEN UNIX\_TIMESTAMP(20120701040000) AND UNIX\_TIMESTAMP(20120705035959). Remember to convert the dates to UTC. |
| COUNT\_STRING(match, source), | Finds the number of occurrences of match in the source string. Usage: (COUNT\_STRING('"PageMatch"',\[RP:1:CustomVariables\])) > 5 |
| **Tests** | |
| IF(expr, then, else) | If expr is nonzero and NOT NULL then this returns then, otherwise it returns else. |
| IFNULL(expr, else) | If expr is not NULL then this returns expr, otherwise it returns else. expr LIKE pattern Performs pattern matching using SQL simple Regular Expression comparison. |
| % | Matches any number of characters, even zero characters. |
| \_ | Matches exactly one character. |
| \\% | Matches one "%" character. |
| \\\_ | Matches one "\_" character. |
| expr REGEXP pattern | Performs pattern matching using SQL Regular Expression comparison. SQL RegEx supports only a limited subset of SiteSpect's RegEx capabilities. Non-greedy quantifiers (.\*?) and escape characters (\\d) are not supported. |
| expr BETWEEN min AND max | If expr is greater than or equal to min and expr is less than or equal to max, BETWEEN this returns 1, otherwise it returns 0. |
| expr IS NULL, expr IS NOT NULL | Tests whether a value is (NOT) NULL (e.g., NULL IS NULL returns true). |
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